Restore CI binary caching and retry vcpkg downloads - #758

Node.js 20 is deprecated. The following actions target Node.js 20 but are being forced to run on Node.js 24: actions/cache@v4, actions/checkout@v4, ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd@v1. For more information see: https://github.blog/changelog/2025-09-19-deprecation-of-node-20-on-github-actions-runners/

The contents of <expected> are available only with C++23 or later. [D:\a\reflect-cpp\reflect-cpp\build\tests\parquet\reflect-cpp-parquet-tests.vcxproj]

The contents of <expected> are available only with C++23 or later. [D:\a\reflect-cpp\reflect-cpp\build\reflectcpp.vcxproj]

Could not find a matching pdb file for: