A curated directory of open-source Python libraries for hydrology, meteorology, climatology,
geology, oceanography, seismology and geospatial science.

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About

Python Resources for Earth Sciences is a curated directory of open-source Python libraries for observing, modelling and understanding the Earth. It gathers tools for water, weather, climate, rocks, oceans, earthquakes and maps in one place, so you spend less time searching for the right package and more time doing science.

Who it's for Researchers, students, engineers and data scientists who work with Earth and environmental data in Python.

How it's organised Libraries are grouped by domain, and Hydrology is split into subfields. Domains, subfields and libraries are all listed A to Z.

Good to know Many tools serve several domains, so each is listed where it is most often used. Every name links to the project's docs or source code.

Tip

Know a library that belongs here? Open an issue or a pull request, or send me an email. If this list helps your work, a ⭐ helps others find it.

Browse by Domain

Climatology	Earth System Science	Geology	Geospatial Analysis and Mapping
Hydrology	Meteorology	Oceanography	Seismology

Full table of contents

• Climatology _{23 libraries}
• Earth System Science _{1 library}
• Geology _{57 libraries}
• Geospatial Analysis and Mapping _{48 libraries}
• Hydrology _{91 libraries}
  • Data Collection _{11 libraries}
  • Groundwater Modelling _{13 libraries}
  • Hydrological Modelling _{27 libraries}
  • Miscellaneous _{18 libraries}
  • Optimization, Uncertainty, Statistics _{14 libraries}
  • Time Series Analysis _{8 libraries}
• Meteorology _{21 libraries}
• Oceanography _{9 libraries}
• Seismology _{7 libraries}

The Collection at a Glance

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Climatology

Climate modelling, diagnostics, indices, gridded data analysis and prediction tools.

Library	Description
aospy	Automated analysis and management of gridded climate data.
CINEI	Integrates global and regional anthropogenic emission inventories (CEDS, EDGAR, HTAP, MEIC) into sector-resolved, model-ready gridded NetCDF with consistent NMVOC speciation for atmospheric chemistry and air-quality models.
climada-python	CLIMADA stands for CLIMate ADAptation and is a probabilistic natural catastrophe impact model, that also calculates averted damage (benefit) thanks to adaptation measures of any kind (from grey to green infrastructure, behavioural, etc.).
climate-indices	Various climate index algorithms relating to precipitation and temperature.
climlab	Process-oriented climate modeling.
climmetlab	Python package aiming at simplifying access to climate and meteorological datasets.
climpred	climpred aims to be the primary package used to analyze output from initialized dynamical forecast models, ranging from short-term weather forecasts to decadal climate forecasts.
climt	Climate modelling and diagnostics toolkit.
climtas	Climtas is a package for working with large climate analyses. It focuses on the time domain with custom functions for Xarray and Dask data.
ESMvaltool	Community diagnostic and performance metrics tool for routine evaluation of Earth system models in CMIP.
nctoolkit	The Python package nctoolkit provides fast and easy analysis of netCDF data, with a focus on the analysis and post-processing of climate and ocean model data.
Oocgcm	Analysis of large gridded geophysical datasets.
OpenClimateGIS	Geospatial manipulation, subsetting, computation, and translation of spatiotemporal climate data.
Pangaea	xarray extension for gridded land surface & weather model output.
PyCLES	Atmospheric large eddy simulation infrastructure designed to simulate boundary layer clouds and deep convection.
pycpt	Climate Predictability Tool, supports model output statistics (MOS), Conanical Correlation Analysis (CCA) and principal components regression (PCR), + access to many subseasonal-to-seasonal ensemble predictions (e.g., the NMME, C3S, SubX databases).
pyOWM	PyOWM is a client Python wrapper library for OpenWeatherMap (OWM) web APIs.
pyrcel	Adiabatic cloud parcel model for studying aerosol activation.
ROCK-PCA	ROtated Complex Kernel PCA for spatio-temporal analysis of earth observation data.
wrf-python	A collection of diagnostic and interpolation routines for use with output from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-ARW) Model.
xeof	Python library supporting rotated/multivariate EOF analysis.
xgcm	Extends the xarray data model to understand finite volume grid cells (common in General Circulation Models) and provides interpolation and difference operations for such grids.
xMCA	Python library for (rotated) Principal Component and Maximum Covariance Analysis.

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Earth System Science

Box models and frameworks that couple processes across the Earth system.

Library

Description

ESBMTK

The Earth Sciences Box Modeling Toolkit (ESBMTK) is a Python library that aims to simplify typical box modeling projects in the Earth-Sciences. It uses a declarative approach to describe models, and abstracts typical modeling tasks like gas exchange and carbonate dissolution through Python classes. See the manual at https://esbmtk.readthedocs.io/en/latest for installation instructions usage, and example code.

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Geology

Structural geology, geochemistry, geophysics, petrophysics and landscape evolution.

Library	Description
APSG	APSG defines several new Python classes to easily manage, analyze, and visualize orientational structural geology data.
ArcGIS API for Python	ArcGIS API for Python is a powerful Python library for mapping, spatial analysis, data science, geospatial AI and automation.
Badlands	Badlands is an open-source Python-based code that can be used to simulate Basin and Landscape Dynamics.
BERT	Boundless Electrical Resistivity Tomography (BERT) is a software package for modelling and inversion of ERT data. It has originally been programmed as C++ apps based on the pyGIMLi core library, plus bash scripts for command line, but is increasingly using Python through pyGIMLi and pybert, not only for visualization but also for computing.
cbsyst	cbsyst is a Python module for calculating seawater carbon and boron chemistry.
cf-python	The Python cf package is an Earth Science data analysis library that is built on a complete implementation of the CF data model.
DensityX	DensityX is a Python script that takes an excel spreadsheet containing major oxide data, T, and P for a silicate melt and outputs the density of each sample as a new excel spreadsheet.
detritalPy	detritalPy is a Python module for visualizing and analyzing detrital geo-thermochronologic data.
Devito	Devito is a Python package to implement optimized stencil computation (e.g., finite differences, image processing, machine learning) from high-level symbolic problem definitions. Devito builds on SymPy and uses automated code generation and just-in-time compilation to execute optimized computational kernels on several computer platforms, including CPUs, GPUs, and clusters thereof.
diffusion_chronometry	diffusion_chronometry is a repository by Jordan Lubbers for all things pertaining to the modelling of diffusive equilibration of trace elements in minerals. Rather than build a bunch of fancy functions, the Jupyter notebooks are built "from scratch" so as to be transparent with as much of the building of the model as possible.
EQcorrscan	EQcorrscan is a Python package for the detection and analysis of repeating and near-repeating seismicity.
Fastscape	Fastscape is a Python package that provides a lot a small model components (i.e., processes) to use with the xarray-simlab modeling framework. Those components can readily be combined together in order to create custom Landscape Evolution Models (LEMs).
Fatiando a Terra	Fatiando a Terra develops and maintains Python packages for Geophysics data processing, modeling like VERDE (Spatial data processing and interpolation using Green's functions), harmonica (processing and modeling gravity and magnetic data), and Boule (Reference ellipsoids for geodesy and geophysics).
FloPy	FloPy is a Python package for creating, running, and post-processing MODFLOW-Based models.
GemGIS	The aim of GemGIS is to become a bridge between conventional geoinformation systems (GIS) such as ArcGIS and QGIS, and geomodeling tools such as GemPy, allowing simpler and more automated workflows from one environment to the other.
GemPy	GemPy is a tool for generating three-dimensional structural geological models in Python. It allows the user to create complex combinations of stratigraphical and structural features such as folds, faults, and unconformities. It was furthermore designed to enable probabilistic modeling to address parameter and model uncertainties.
GeostatsPy	GeostatsPy brings GSLIB: Geostatistical Library functions to Python. GSLIB is a practical and extremely robust set of code for building spatial modeling workflows.
gprMax	gprMax is open-source software that simulates electromagnetic wave propagation. It solves Maxwell’s equations in three dimensions by using the finite-difference time-domain method. gprMax was designed for modeling ground-penetrating radar but can also be used to model electromagnetic wave propagation for many other applications.
HyVR	The Hydrogeological Virtual Reality simulation package (HyVR) is a Python module that helps researchers and practitioners generate subsurface models with multiple scales of heterogeneity that are based on geological concepts. The simulation outputs can then be used to explore groundwater flow and solute transport behavior. This is facilitated by HyVR outputs in the input formats of common flow simulation packages. Given that each site is unique, HyVR has been designed for users to take the code and extend it to suit their particular simulation needs.
Invert4Geom	Invert4Geom is an open-source library for performing 3D geometric (structural) gravity inversions. While there are great existing tools for performing gravity inversions for subsurface density (e.g. PyGIMLi, SimPEG) there are few, if any, open-source software for inverting for geometry. This is useful for modelling the Moho, the sediment-basement contact, or bathymetry.
LakePy	LakePy is the pythonic user-centered front-end to the Global Lake Level Database. This package can instantly deliver lake water levels for some 2000+ lakes scattered across the globe.
Landlab	Landlab is an open-source Python package for numerical modeling of Earth surface dynamics. It contains (1) a gridding engine that represents the model domain and that supports regular and irregular grids; (2) a library of process components, each of which represents a physical process (e.g., generation of rain, erosion by flowing water); (3) utilities that support general numerical methods, file input and output, and visualization. In addition Landlab contains a set of Jupyter notebook tutorials that introduce core concepts and give examples of use.
Lasio	Lasio is a Python package to read and write Log ASCII Standard (LAS) files, which are used for borehole data such as geophysical, geological, or petrophysical logs. It is compatible with versions 1.2 and 2.0 of the LAS file specification, published by the Canadian Well Logging Society. Support for LAS 3 is ongoing. In principle, it is designed to read as many types of LAS files as possible, including those containing common errors or non-compliant formatting. Sometimes we want a higher-level object, for example, to contain methods that have nothing to do with LAS files. We may want to handle other well data, such as deviation surveys, tops (aka picks), engineering data, striplogs, synthetics, and so on. This is where welly comes in.
latools	Laser Ablation Tools (latools) is a Python toolbox for processing Laser Ablations Mass Spectrometry (LA-MS) data.
litholog	litholog is focused on providing a framework to digitize, store, plot, and analyze sedimentary graphic logs.
Loop	Loop is an open source 3D probabilistic geological and geophysical modelling platform, initiated by Geoscience Australia and the OneGeology consortium. The project is funded by Australian territory, State and Federal Geological Surveys, the Australian Research Council and the MinEx Collaborative Research Centre. It includes the Loopstructural and map2loop packages, minded for 3d geological modelling.
LSDTopoTools	LSDTopoTools is a software package for analysing topography. Applications of these analyses span hydrology, geomorphology, soil science, ecology, and cognate fields. The serious number crunching in LSDTopoTools is done in C++ code, but the output needs to be visualised with either a GIS or python.
MIMiC	Melt inclusion modification corrections (MIMiC) is a program corrects melt inclusions for post-entrapment crystallization/melting (PEC/PEM) with optional corrections for Fe-Mg exchange with the host and vapor bubble growth.
MintPy	The Miami INsar Time-series software in PYthon (MintPy) is an open-source package for Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) time series analysis.
MSNoise	MSNoise is the first complete software package for computing and monitoring relative velocity variations using ambient seismic noise. MSNoise is a fully-integrated solution that automatically scans data archives and determines which jobs need to be done whenever the scheduled task is executed.
MTpy	MTpy is a Python Toolbox for Magnetotelluric (MT) Data Processing, Analysis, Modelling and Visualization.
PetroPy	PetroPy is a python petrophysics package allowing scientific Python computing of conventional and unconventional formation evaluation. It uses lasio to read las files and includes a petrophysical workflow and a log viewer based on XML templates.
PmagPy	The PmagPy project is a set of tools written in Python for the analysis of paleomagnetic data.
PVGeo	PVGeo is an open-source Python package for geoscientific visualization and analysis harnessing an already powerful software platform: the Visualization Toolkit (VTK) and its front-end application, ParaView.
PyDGS	PyDGS is an open-source project dedicated to provide a Python framework to compute estimates of grain size distribution using the continuous wavelet transform method.
PyFLOWGO	PyFLOWGO is an open-source platform for simulation of channelized lava thermo-rheological properties.
pyGeoPressure	pyGeoPressure is an open-source Python package designed for pore-pressure prediction from both well log data and seismic velocity data. Though light weight, pyGeoPressure performs the entire workflow, from data management to pressure prediction. The main features of pyGeoPressure are (1) it makes overburden (or lithostatic) pressure calculations; 2) it uses Eaton’s method and parameter optimization; 3) it uses Bowers’ method and parameter optimization; and (4) it implements a multivariate method with parameter optimization.
pyGIMLi	pyGIMLi is an open-source library for modeling and inversion and in geophysics. The object-oriented library provides management for structured and unstructured meshes in two and three dimensions, finite-element and finite-volume solvers, various geophysical forward operators, as well as Gauss-Newton--based frameworks for constrained, joint, and fully coupled inversions with flexible regularization.
PyGMT	PyGMT is a Python wrapper for the Generic Mapping Tools (GMT), a command-line program widely used in the Earth Sciences. It provides capabilities for processing spatial data (gridding, filtering, masking, FFTs, etc) and making high quality plots and maps.
Pyleoclim	Pyleoclim is a Python package designed for the analysis of paleoclimate data. Pyleoclim leverages various data science libraries (numpy, pandas, scikit-learn) for time series analysis, as well as and Matplotlib and Cartopy for the creation of publication-quality figures.
Pyrocko	Pyrocko is an open source seismology toolbox and library. Most of Pyrocko is coded in the Python programming language, with a few parts coded in C.
pyrolite	pyrolite is a set of tools to handle and visualize geochemical data. The Python package includes functions to work with compositional data and to transform geochemical variables (e.g., elements to oxides), functions for common plotting tasks (e.g., spiderplots, ternary diagrams, bivariate and ternary density diagrams), and numerous auxiliary utilities.
PySAT	PySAT is a Python toolkit, which aims at providing a simple and unified interface to a number of state-of-art Boolean satisfiability (SAT) solvers as well as to a variety of cardinality and pseudo-Boolean encodings.
PyVista	PyVista (formerly vtki) is a helper module for the Visualization Toolkit (VTK) that takes a different approach on interfacing with VTK through NumPy and direct array access. This package provides a Pythonic, well-documented interface exposing VTK’s powerful visualization backend to facilitate rapid prototyping, analysis, and visual integration of spatially referenced datasets.
PyWEED	PyWEED is an application for retrieving event-based seismic data.
QuakeMigrate	QuakeMigrate is a Python package for automatic earthquake detection and location using waveform migration and stacking. It can be used to produce catalogues of earthquakes, including hypocentres, origin times, phase arrival picks, and local magnitude estimates, as well as rigorous estimates of the associated uncertainties.
REDPy	Repeating Earthquake Detector in Python (REDPy) is a tool for automated detection and analysis of repeating earthquakes in continuous data. It works without any previous assumptions of what repeating seismicity looks like (that is, does not require a template event).
RfPy	RfPy is a software to calculate single event-station receiver functions from the spectral deconvolution technique.
SediNet	SediNet configurable machine-learning framework for estimating either (or both) continuous and categorical variables from a photographic image of clastic sediment.
Segyio	Segyio is a small LGPL licensed C library for easy interaction with SEG-Y and Seismic Unix formatted seismic data, with language bindings for Python and Matlab. Segyio is an attempt to create an easy-to-use, embeddable, community-oriented library for seismic applications. Features are added as they are needed; suggestions and contributions of all kinds are very welcome.
SHTOOLS	SHTOOLS is a Fortran-95/Python library that can be used to perform spherical harmonic transforms, multitaper spectral analyses, expansions of functions into Slepian bases, and standard operations on global gravitational and magnetic field data.
SimPEG	Simulation and Parameter Estimation in Geophysics (SimPEG) is a python package for simulation and gradient-based parameter estimation in the context of geophysical applications.
SplitPy	SplitPy is a teleseismic shear-wave (SKS) Splitting Toolbox based on the Matlab Tool SplitLab, developed by Wustefeld et al (2008).
tdmtpy	Time Domain Moment Tensor Inversion in Python (tdmtpy) is a python package developed for time domain inversion of complete seismic waveform data to obtain the seismic moment tensor. It supports deviatoric and full moment tensor inversions, and 1-D and 3-D basis Green's functions.
Thermobar	Thermobar is a Mineral-Melt Equilibrium tool written in the open-source language Python3. Thermobar allows pressures, temperatures and melt water contents to be easily calculated using more than 100 popular thermobarometers. We also provide computationally-fast functions for calculating pressures and temperatures for all possible pairs of phases in equilibrium from a given sample/volcanic center (e.g., cpx-liquid, opx-liquid, two-pyroxene, two-feldspar matching).
VESIcal	VESIcal is a generalized python library for calculating and plotting various things related to mixed volatile (H2O-CO2) solubility in silicate melts.
Welly	Welly uses lasio for data input and output but hides much of it from the user. I recommend that you look at both projects before deciding if you need the "well-level" functionality that welly provides. Welly is a family of classes to facilitate the loading, processing, and analysis of subsurface wells and well data, such as striplogs, formation tops, well log curves, and synthetic seismograms.

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Geospatial Analysis and Mapping

Vector and raster processing, Earth Engine, regridding, geostatistics and interactive maps.

Library	Description
Awesome Earth Engine	A curated list of Google Earth Engine resources includng many python libraries.
Cartopy	Easy cartographic (maps) data visualization.
Collocate	Collocate xarray trajectories in arbitrary physical dimensions.
Datashader	Graphics pipeline system for creating meaningful representations of large datasets quickly and flexibly.
earthengine-py-notebooks	A collection of 360+ Jupyter Python notebook examples for using Google Earth Engine with interactive mapping.
EarthSim	Tools for working with and visualizing environmental simulations.
eo-learn	Earth observation processing framework for machine learning in Python.
ESMPy	Interface to the Earth System Modeling Framework (ESMF) regridding utility.
Fiona	It reads and writes geographic data files and thereby helps Python programmers integrate geographic information systems with other computer systems.
geehydro	A Python package for mapping inundation dynamics using Google Earth Engine.
geemap	A Python package for interactive mapping with Google Earth Engine, ipyleaflet, and ipywidgets.
GeoDjango	GeoDjango is an included contrib module for Django that turns it into a world-class geographic Web framework. GeoDjango strives to make it as simple as possible to create geographic Web applications, like location-based services.
geonotebook	Jupyter notebook extension for geospatial visualization and analysis developed by NASA.
Geopandas	GeoPandas is an open source project to make working with geospatial data in python easier. GeoPandas extends the datatypes used by pandas to allow spatial operations on geometric types.
Georasters	The GeoRasters package is a python module that provides a fast and flexible tool to work with GIS raster files. It provides the GeoRaster class, which makes working with rasters quite transparent and easy.
geospatial-machine-learning	A curated list of resources focused on Machine Learning in Geospatial Data Science.
GeostatsPy	GeostatsPy Python package for spatial data analytics and geostatistics. Mostly a reimplementation of GSLIB, Geostatistical Library (Deutsch and Journel, 1992) in Python.
GeoViews	Library that makes it easy to explore and visualize geographical, meteorological, and oceanographic datasets, such as those used in weather, climate, and remote sensing research.
GeoWombat	Utilities for geospatial data.
gridded	A single way to work with results from any hydrodynamic/oceanographic model regardless of what type of grid it was computed on.
HoloViews	Library designed to make data analysis and visualization seamless and simple.
hvPlot	A high-level plotting API for the PyData ecosystem built on HoloViews.
hydro-osm	Hydro-osm is a toolbox to convert OpenStreetMap data into data layers that can be readily used for hydrological and hydraulic modelling.
leafmap	Leafmap is a Python package for interactive mapping and geospatial analysis with minimal coding in a Jupyter environment.
Lidar	Terrain and hydrological analysis based on LiDAR-derived digital elevation models (DEM).
MovingPandas	MovingPandas implements a Trajectory class and corresponding methods based on GeoPandas. It provides trajectory data structures and functions for analysis and visualization.
Panel	Create custom interactive web apps and dashboards by connecting user-defined widgets to plots, images, tables, or text.
ParTerra-Python	The Participatory Terrain model deploys an algorithm to fuse together data from OpenStreetMap (OSM) and any base elevation dataset to create a high-resolution digital terrain model for any area in the world.
PcRaster	It is a collection of software targeted at the development and deployment of spatio-temporal environmental models.
PyGeoprocessing	A Python/Cython based library that provides a set of commonly used raster, vector, and hydrological operations for GIS processing.
pygis	pygis is a collection of Python snippets for geospatial analysis.
pyGIS	pyGIS is an online textbook covering all the core geospatial functionality available in Python. This includes handling vector and raster data, satellite remote sensing, machine learning and deep learning applications.
PyGMT	PyGMT is a library for processing geospatial and geophysical data and making publication quality maps and figures. It provides a Pythonic interface for the Generic Mapping Tools (GMT), a command-line program widely used in the Earth Sciences.
pyproj	Interface to PROJ (cartographic projections and coordinate transformations library).
pyResample	Resampling geospatial image data.
PySal	A python spatial analysis library for open source and crossed platform Geospatial Data Science.
Pysheds	Simple and fast watershed delineation in python.
python-geospatial	A collection of Python packages for geospatial analysis with binder-ready notebook examples.
PYWR	Spatial allocation tool.
Rasterio	Rasterio is a GDAL and Numpy-based Python library designed to make your work with geospatial raster data more productive, more fun, more Zen. It is a highly useful module for raster processing which you can use for reading and writing several different raster formats in Python. Python automatically registers all known GDAL drivers for reading supported formats when importing the module.
Regionmask	Plotting and creation of masks of spatial regions.
salem	Adds geolocalised subsetting, masking, and plotting operations to xarray's data structures via accessors.
SciKit-GStat	SciKit-Gstat is a scipy-styled analysis module for geostatistics.
Shapely	Shapely is a Python package for manipulation and analysis of planar geometric objects. It is based on the widely deployed GEOS (the engine of PostGIS) and JTS libraries.
Verde	It is a Python library for processing spatial data (bathymetry, geophysics surveys, etc) and interpolating it on regular grids (i.e., gridding).
whitebox	The whitebox Python package is built on WhiteboxTools, an advanced geospatial data analysis platform. WhiteboxTools can be used to perform common geographical information systems (GIS) analysis operations, such as cost-distance analysis, distance buffering, and raster reclassification.
xESMF	Universal regridder for geospatial data.
xshape	Tools for working with shapefiles, topographies, and polygons in xarray.

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Hydrology

Data access, catchment and groundwater models, time series tools and uncertainty analysis.

Data Collection  ·  Groundwater Modelling  ·  Hydrological Modelling  ·  Miscellaneous  ·  Optimization, Uncertainty, Statistics  ·  Time Series Analysis

Data Collection

Library	Description
BoM Water	This package has been developed to access to the BoM Water Data Sensor Observation Service (SOS). With a goal to easily and efficiently integrate data into scientific workflows.
CAMELS-AUS	Python package to easily load and use the CAMELS-AUS dataset.
Eco-Data Manage Toolkit	It is a Python toolkit to facilitate data management for hydrology/limnology applications.
Ecohydrolib	Libraries and command-line scripts for performing ecohydrology data preparation workflows.
ERA5-tools	Python scripts to download and view ERA5 climatologic data, as well as to extract time series (hourly to monthly data on many atmospheric and land-surface parameters)
HKVFEWSPY	Connection to the DelftFEWS servers.
HyRiver	HyRiver is a software stack consisting of six Python libraries that are designed to aid in watershed analysis through web services. This project includes hydrology and climatology data within the US.
Openradar	Library for processing a set of dutch, german and belgian precipitation radars into calibrated composites.
PyHIS	It is a python library for querying CUAHSI*-HIS** web services.
Ulmo	Clean, simple and fast access to public hydrology and climatology data.
Wetterdienst	Python Toolset For Accessing Weather Data From German Weather Service.

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Groundwater Modelling

Library	Description
Anaflow	A python-package containing analytical solutions for the groundwater flow equation.
Flopy	The Python interface to MODFLOW.
HydroGeoSines	Signal In the Noise Exploration Software for Hydrogeological Datasets.
Idfpy	A simple module for reading and writing iMOD IDF files. IDF is a simple binary format used by the iMOD groundwater modeling software.
imod-python	Make massive MODFLOW models.
Phydrus	Python implementation of the HYDRUS-1D unsaturated zone model.
PyHELP	A Python library for the assessment of spatially distributed groundwater recharge and hydrological components with HELP.
PyRecharge	Spatially distributed groundwater recharge and depletion modeling framework in Python.
Pytesmo	Python Toolbox for the Evaluation of Soil Moisture Observations.
TIMML	A Multi-Layer, Analytic Element Model.
TTim	A Multi-Layer, Transient, Analytic Element Model.
WellApplication	Set of tools for groundwater level and water chemistry analysis.
WellTestPy	A python-package for handling well based field campaigns.

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Hydrological Modelling

Library	Description
Catchmod	CATCHMOD is widely used rainfall runoff model in the United Kingdom. It was introduced by Wilby (1994).
CMF	Catchment Modelling Framework, a hydrologic modelling toolbox.
EXP-HYDRO	EXP-HYDRO is a catchment scale hydrological model that operates at a daily time-step. It takes as inputs the daily values of precipitation, air temperature, and potential evapotranspiration, and simulates daily streamflow at the catchment outlet.
Hapi	Hapi is an open-source Python Framework for building raster-based conceptual distributed hydrological models using HBV96 lumped model & Muskingum routing method at a catchment scale.
hidrocomp	Python library for hydrological data analysis.
HydroFunctions	A suite of convenience functions for working with hydrology data in an interactive Python session.
HydrPy	A framework for the development and application of hydrological models based on Python.
LHMP	Lumped Hydrological Models Playground.
mhmpy	A Python-API for the mesoscale Hydrological Model.
NeuralHydrology	Python library to train neural networks with a strong focus on hydrological applications.
pyDEM	PyDEM is a package for topographic (terrain) analysis. It takes in digital elevation model (DEM) rasters, and it outputs quantities like slope, aspect, upstream area, and topographic wetness index.
PyFlo	It is an open-source Python library for performing hydraulic and hydrology stormwater analysis. Features include network hydraulic grade analysis and time/iteration based storage and flood routing simulations.
pySTEPS	It is an open-source and community-driven Python library for probabilistic precipitation nowcasting, i.e. short-term ensemble prediction systems.
PyStream	Python implementation of the STREAM hydrological rainfall-runoff model.
PyTOPKAPI	PyTOPKAPI is a BSD licensed Python library implementing the TOPKAPI Hydrological model (Liu and Todini, 2002).
rabpro	River and basin profiler. A package to delineate watershed basins and compute attribute statistics using Google Earth Engine.
RRMPG	Rainfall-Runoff modelling playground.
SMARTPy	Python implementation of the rainfall-runoff model SMART.
StreamStats	Python package for interfacing with the USGS StreamStats API.
SuperflexPy	A new open source framework for building conceptual hydrological models.
SynxFlow	SynxFlow is an open-source model capable of dynamically simulating overland flows, flood inundations, and debris flows using CUDA-enabled GPUs. It can be driven by direct rainfall and/or river inflows.
TopoFlow	Spatial hydrologic model (D8-based, fully BMI-compliant).
VIC	The Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) Macroscale Hydrologic Model.
wflow	wflow consists of a set of Python programs that can be run on the command line and perform hydrological simulations. The models are based on the PCRaster Python framework.
WRF-Hydro	wrfhydrpy is a Python API for the WRF-Hydro modelling system.
Xanthos	Xanthos is an open-source hydrologic model, written in Python, designed to quantify and analyze global water availability.
xHydro	Hydrological analysis library built with xarray.

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Miscellaneous

Library	Description
atlite	Xarray-based Python library for converting weather data (like wind speeds, solar influx) into energy systems data.
earthdata	Python library to search and access NASA datasets.
EFlowCalc	Calculator of Streamflow Characteristics.
ESMPY	Earth System Modeling Framework (ESMF) Python interface.
Hydrobox	Hydrological preprocessing and analysis toolbox build upon pandas and numpy.
Hydrofunctions	A suite of convenience functions for working with hydrology data in an interactive Python session.
Hydrointerp	A Python package for interpolating hydrologic data.
Hydroshare	HydroShare is a collaborative website for better access to data and models in the hydrologic sciences.
IRIS	A powerful, format-agnostic, and community-driven Python library for analysing and visualising Earth science data.
iRONS	iRONS (interactive Reservoir Operation Notebooks and Software) is a python package that enables the simulation, forecasting and optimisation of reservoir systems.
Landlab	The Landlab project creates an environment in which scientists can build a numerical landscape model without having to code all of the individual components.
PyHSPF	Python extensions to the Hydrological Simulation Program in Fortran (HSPF).
PyMT	It is an Open Source Python package that provides the necessary tools used for the coupling of models that expose the Basic Model Interface (BMI).
Shyft	It is the open-source toolbox for the energy-market domain, funded and supported by Statkraft.
SPHY	Spatial Processes in HYdrology (SPHY) model.
Wetland	It is a toolset for mapping surface water and wetland hydrological dynamics using fine-resolution aerial imagery within Google Earth Engine (GEE).
xmovie	Simple way of creating beautiful movies from xarray objects.
xsboringen	(In Dutch) A python library for processing and plotting borehole and CPT data, developed for open data formats in the Netherlands.

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Optimization, Uncertainty, Statistics

Library	Description
Climate-indices	Climate indices for drought monitoring, community reference implementations in Python.
HPGL	High Performance Geostatistics Library.
HydroErr	Goodness of Fit metrics for use in comparison studies, specifically in the field of hydrology.
HydroLM	The HydroLM package contains a class and functions for automating linear regressions OLS for hydrologists.
LMFIT	Non-Linear Least Squares Minimization, with flexible Parameter settings, based on scipy.optimize.leastsq, and with many additional classes and methods for curve fitting.
nsEVDx	A Python library for modeling non-stationary extreme value distributions (GEV & GPD) using scipy and numpy, featuring Bayesian and frequentist methods, MCMC samplers, diagnostics, and linear/polynomial regression on arbitrary covariates.
Pyemu	A python modules for model-independent uncertainty analyses, data-worth analyses, and interfacing with PEST(++).
PyForecast	It is a statistical modeling tool useful in predicting monthly and seasonal inflows and streamflows. The tool collects meterological and hydrologic datasets, analyzes hundreds to thousands of predictor subsets, and returns statistical regressions between predictors and streamflows.
PyGLUE	Generalised Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) Framework.
PySDI	It is a set of open source scripts that compute non-parametric standardized drought indices (SDI) using raster data sets as input data.
scikit-extremes	It is a python library to perform univariate extreme value calculations.
SPOTpy	A Statistical Parameter Optimization Tool for Python.
wxee	Python interface between Earth Engine and xarray for processing time series data.
xarrayutils	Various tools for data analysis built on top of xarray and xgcm.

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Time Series Analysis

Library	Description
efts-python	A python library for reading and writing Ensemble Forecast Time Series in netCDF files.
htimeseries	This module provides the HTimeseries class, which is a layer on top of pandas, offering a little more functionality.
Hydropy	Analysis of hydrological oriented time series.
Hydrostats	Tools for use in comparison studies, specifically for use in the field of hydrology.
HyperTS	A Full-Pipeline Automated Time Series (AutoTS) Analysis Toolkit. Easy-to-use, powerful, unified full pipeline automated time series toolkit. Supports forecasting, classification and regression.
NeuralForecast	NeuralForecast is a Python library for time series forecasting with deep learning models. It includes benchmark datasets, data-loading utilities, evaluation functions, statistical tests, univariate model benchmarks and SOTA models implemented in PyTorch and PyTorchLightning.
Pastas	Analysis of hydrological time series using time series models.
scikit-hts	Python implementation of general hierarchical time series modeling.

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Meteorology

Weather data, radar and satellite processing, nowcasting and evapotranspiration.

Library	Description
ACT	Toolkit for working with atmospheric time-series datasets of varying dimensions.
Awesome-EarthObservation-Code	A curated list of awesome tools, tutorials, code, helpful projects, links, stuff about Earth Observation and Geospatial stuff!
Evaporation	Calculation of evaporation and transpiration.
How to work with meteorological data	The examples in this space should give you a good starting point how you can work with ECMWF services and data through Python using Jupyter notebooks.
Improver	It is a library of algorithms for meteorological post-processing and verification.
JAMS	It is a general Python package offering miscellaneous functions in different categories, such as reading different file formats, julian date routines, or meteorological functions.
MELODIST	It is an open-source toolbox written in Python for disaggregating daily meteorological time series to hourly time steps.
MetPy	It is a collection of tools in Python for reading, visualizing and performing calculations with weather data.
MetSim	It is a meteorological simulator and forcing disaggregator for hydrologic modeling and climate applications.
Metview	Python interface to Metview, a meteorological workstation and batch system for accessing, examining, manipulating and visualising meteorological data.
Py-ART	Weather radar algorithms and utilities.
PyCat	Climate Analysis Tool written in python.
PyDSD	Utilities for working with disdrometer data.
PyEto	It is a Python library for calculating reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo), sometimes referred to as potential evapotranspiration (PET). The library provides numerous functions for estimating missing meteorological data.
pyPI	Tropical cyclone potential intensity calculations.
PySteps	It is a community-driven initiative for developing and maintaining an easy to use, modular, free and open source Python framework for short-term ensemble prediction systems.
rainymotion	Python library for radar-based precipitation nowcasting based on optical flow techniques.
Satpy	Reading, manipulating, and writing data from remote-sensing earth-observing meteorological satellite instruments.
scikit-downscale	Statistical downscaling and postprocessing models for climate and weather model simulations.
windspharm	Python Spherical harmonic wind analysis.
wrf-python	Python A collection of diagnostic and interpolation routines for use with output of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-ARW) Model.

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Oceanography

Seawater thermodynamics, tides, waves, Argo floats and ocean colormaps.

Library	Description
argopy	Argo data access, visualisation and manipulation.
cmocean	Beautiful colormaps for oceanography.
gcm-filters	Performs spatial filtering analysis in a flexible and efficient way.
GSW-Python	Python implementation of the Thermodynamic Equation of Seawater 2010 (TEOS-10).
mixsea	Turbulence parameter estimation from fine scale oceanographic data.
oceanwaves-python	This toolbox provides a generic data storage object for ocean waves data (OceanWaves).
PyFerret	Quick exploration of oceanographic data.
UTide	Python re-implementation of the Matlab package UTide.
windspharm	Computations on global wind fields in spherical geometry.

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Seismology

Reading, processing and monitoring seismic and seismological data.

Library	Description
Bruges	Various geophysical equations and tools.
Madagascar	Multi-dimensional data processing suite.
ObsPy	Framework for reading, writing and processing seismic and seismological data.
Pyrocko	Seismology toolkit.
rsudp	Continuous ObsPy-based visual display, sudden motion monitoring, and historical replay of Raspberry Shake data.
Segyio	Fast library for seismic SEGY files.
SeismicZFP	Convert SEG-Y/ZGY files to compressed SGZ files & retrieve arbitrary sub-volumes from these, fast.

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Contributing

Contributions are always welcome. To add a library:

1. Fork this repository.
2. Add one row to the table of the matching domain or subfield:

   | **[Library Name](https://link-to-project)** | One clear sentence on what it does. |

3. Open a pull request with a short note on why the library is useful for Earth Sciences.

Note

You don't need to sort the table or touch any numbers. After a change is merged, a GitHub Action runs scripts/update_readme.py, which puts every table in alphabetical order and refreshes all counts, cards and charts.

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_{Released under the GNU GPL v3.0 license · Maintained by Javed Ali
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