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Answer 503, not 401, when a session code's keys could not be read - #116
A session code is checked against the account's posting keys read from a Hive node. When that read failed (a node error, a timeout, an answer that is not an account list), ValidateCode returned null and every private API route answered 401 "Unauthorized", the same as for a forged or foreign code. Clients read a 401 as a refused session: the mobile app renews the session, gets 401 again while the node still fails, and asks the user to sign in again. Seen in the mobile app's reports: notifications/unread answered 200, then 401 eleven seconds later, and the freshly renewed session 401 too, as the app came back to the foreground.
Change
ValidateCode throws TokenCheckUnavailableException when the keys could not be read: the account read throws (other than the node's RPC error answer), answers something that is not an array, or returns an account without posting keys.
ServerErrors.Handle (the request pipeline's error handling, moved out of Program.cs) answers it 503 "Service Unavailable" with Retry-After: 5. The handler stops at the throw: nothing is spent or written. Any other exception keeps the existing 500 "Server Error".
Still 401: a malformed or non-session code, an author that cannot be an account name (checked before any read: 3 to 16 characters of a-z, 0-9, '.' and '-', no segment rules, so every existing name passes), an unknown account (the chain answered, no such account), and a signature that matches neither the account's nor @hivesigner's posting keys. Any failure of the read for a well-formed name, a node RPC error included, is 503.
The @hivesigner key cache: a failed refresh keeps the keys already held (the time is not stamped, so the next check retries); with nothing cached it is 503; an unusable answer is not cached for a day.
A signature that matches none of the keys while the @hivesigner refresh failed in this check is 503 (the keys that would decide it could not be read). Stale @hivesigner keys are used for at most twice the cache time (48 h); past that a failed refresh is 503.
A @hivesigner answer without the account ([], [null]) is unusable: never cached, cached usable keys kept, 503 without them.
A key list with an entry that is not a key (null, empty, not a string) is an unusable answer (503) and never cached; an empty @hivesigner list too. An empty posting key list on the user's own account is still checked (posting authority can be held through accounts only).
The 503 path logs the cause's type and message once per reason and type (never the code or body).
No parity KNOWN_DIVERGENCES entry: no catalog case reaches the chain read (every catalog code is refused before it), so a comment in driver.py points to the tests instead.
No handler needed a change: none catches around ValidateCode, RequireAuthedUsername or the desk, Listen, device and AI variants.
Tests
TokenCheckUnavailableTests, through ServerErrors.Handle against notifications/unread and the spend route streak-freeze/buy:
Mutation check: without the 503 mapping the six 503 tests fail (500); restored, all pass. Full suite: 680 passed, 0 failed (dotnet test, SDK 10 container).
The mobile app ships its own mitigation (it retries a refused renewed token once and does not prompt a key account whose key is still on chain); this change removes the cause.
• Return 503 with Retry-After when node failures prevent session validation, rather than signing
users out with 401.
• Preserve cached @hivesigner keys during failed refreshes; keep genuine session refusals at 401.
• Add route-level tests for read failures, cache recovery, and unchanged refusal behavior.
Diagram
graph TD
R["Private route"] --> V["ValidateCode"] --> H["Hive node"] --> K{"Account keys"}
K -- "unreadable" --> U["503 Retry"]
K -- "own key matches" --> A["Authorized"]
K -- "own key differs" --> C["Signer cache"]
K -- "unknown account" --> N["401 Refused"]
C -- "key matches" --> A
C -- "keys unavailable" --> U
C -- "key differs" --> N
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High-Level Assessment
The following are alternative approaches to this PR:
1. Return a typed validation outcome
➕ Makes valid, refused, and unavailable outcomes explicit in the validation API.
➖ Requires changes across private handlers and risks inconsistent HTTP mappings.
Recommendation: Keep the PR's exception and global-middleware approach. It preserves existing handler contracts while giving every private route the same 503 response when validation cannot reach a verdict.
Files changed (5) +329 / -32
Bug fix (2) +113 / -12
PrivateApi.Core.csDistinguish unreadable posting keys from refused codes+62/-12
Distinguish unreadable posting keys from refused codes
• Makes failed account reads and unusable posting-key answers throw a dedicated exception while preserving refusal behavior for answered checks. Retains stale @hivesigner keys after a failed refresh and avoids caching unusable answers.
ServerErrors.csMap unavailable token checks to retryable 503 responses+51/-0
Map unavailable token checks to retryable 503 responses
• Introduces the token-check exception and shared request error handling. Returns 503 with Retry-After for that exception while retaining the existing plain 500 response for other errors.
TokenCheckUnavailableTests.csTest retryable failures and unchanged 401 responses+205/-0
Test retryable failures and unchanged 401 responses
• Exercises the error pipeline through notification and spend routes for node failures, unusable answers, and @hivesigner cache recovery. Verifies that malformed codes, wrong signatures, unknown accounts, and RPC error answers remain unauthorized.
CLAUDE.mdDocument session refusal versus validation outage+7/-0
Document session refusal versus validation outage
• Explains when validation returns a 401 verdict and when unreadable keys produce a 503. Instructs handler authors not to catch the unavailability exception.
[Medium impact] The PR appears safe to merge; no new blocking issue was found.
Summary
The PR separates an unreadable session check from a refused session.
Private routes return 503 when a session's keys cannot be read.
Cached @hivesigner keys can bridge a failed refresh for up to 48 hours.
Diagram
%%{init: {'theme': 'neutral'}}%%
flowchart TD
A[Check session code] --> B{Code and name usable?}
B -->|No| C[401 Unauthorized]
B -->|Yes| D[Read account keys]
D -->|Read fails| E[503 with Retry-After]
D -->|Account missing| C
D -->|Own key matches| F[Continue request]
D -->|Own key differs| G[Check hivesigner keys]
G -->|Key matches within allowed age| F
G -->|Read failed and no match| E
G -->|Keys read and no match| C
ValidateCode retains the cached HiveSigner posting keys after a failed refresh without limiting
how long those keys can authorize tokens. If a key is revoked while refreshes keep failing, a token
signed with that old key continues to authenticate its claimed author and can reach spend routes
beyond the existing 24-hour cache lifetime.
2. Parity harness will flag the new 503 as an unlisted mismatch✓ Resolved
Description
ServerErrors.Handle now answers 503 with Retry-After for a session code whose keys could not be
read, where the Node reference answers 401 for the same private routes (notifications/unread,
streak-freeze/buy). The rule requires a KNOWN_DIVERGENCES entry and a test in the same change.
The test file is added, but the known-divergences list in dotnet/parity/driver.py (per
dotnet/parity/README.md) is not updated. A parity run against the Node reference will therefore
report this status change as an unexplained mismatch, and later readers will not know the 503 is
intentional.
3. Node outages lose their failure details✓ Resolved
Description
Unavailable logs only a fixed reason through LogOnce, and ServerErrors.Handle discards the
caught exception without recording its inner error. When an account read throws, operators get
neither the underlying transport or timeout error nor its traceback from this path, making distinct
node failures look identical.
Tip of the day
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Session-code validation now distinguishes unavailable account-key reads from invalid tokens. Unavailable checks raise TokenCheckUnavailableException, which middleware maps to HTTP 503 with a Retry-After header. Tests cover unavailable reads, cache refresh behavior, and unauthorized token outcomes.
Changes: Session Token Availability
Layer / File(s)
Summary
Account-read classification and cache behavior dotnet/EcencyApi/Infrastructure/ServerErrors.cs, dotnet/EcencyApi/Handlers/PrivateApi.Core.cs, dotnet/EcencyApi.Tests/TokenCheckUnavailableTests.cs
Account-read errors and invalid posting-key data propagate as unavailable-check exceptions. HiveSigner caches only usable accounts and retains existing cached keys after an unavailable refresh. Tests cover these cases and verify that token refusals remain 401 responses.
HTTP error mapping and pipeline integration dotnet/EcencyApi/Infrastructure/ServerErrors.cs, dotnet/EcencyApi/Program.cs, dotnet/EcencyApi.Tests/TokenCheckUnavailableTests.cs, CLAUDE.md
ServerErrors returns 503 with Retry-After for unavailable checks and 500 for other exceptions. Program.cs installs the middleware. Tests and documentation cover the response behavior.
Session-code validation now returns a retryable 503 when account keys cannot be read, and invalid tokens still return 401. No merge-blocking risk was found in the reviewed changes.
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The title states the main behavior change: when a session code's posting keys cannot be read, the API now answers 503 instead of 401. The raw summary confirms this change in PrivateApi.Core.cs, Server…
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The title states the main behavior change: when a session code's posting keys cannot be read, the API now answers 503 instead of 401. The raw summary confirms this change in PrivateApi.Core.cs, ServerErrors.cs, and Program.cs, and the PR objectives describe the same goal, so the title is directly related to the changeset.
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I checked the keys beneath the moon, A missing read came back too soon. I left stale keys in their cache, And sent a retry note in a flash. Wrong signatures stayed denied, Then hopped through clover, satisfied.
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A session code is checked against the account's posting keys read from a Hive node. When that read failed (a node error, a timeout, an answer that is not an account list),
ValidateCodereturned null and every private API route answered 401 "Unauthorized", the same as for a forged or foreign code. Clients read a 401 as a refused session: the mobile app renews the session, gets 401 again while the node still fails, and asks the user to sign in again. Seen in the mobile app's reports:notifications/unreadanswered 200, then 401 eleven seconds later, and the freshly renewed session 401 too, as the app came back to the foreground.Change
ValidateCodethrowsTokenCheckUnavailableExceptionwhen the keys could not be read: the account read throws (other than the node's RPC error answer), answers something that is not an array, or returns an account without posting keys.ServerErrors.Handle(the request pipeline's error handling, moved out ofProgram.cs) answers it 503 "Service Unavailable" withRetry-After: 5. The handler stops at the throw: nothing is spent or written. Any other exception keeps the existing 500 "Server Error".[],[null]) is unusable: never cached, cached usable keys kept, 503 without them.KNOWN_DIVERGENCESentry: no catalog case reaches the chain read (every catalog code is refused before it), so a comment indriver.pypoints to the tests instead.ValidateCode,RequireAuthedUsernameor the desk, Listen, device and AI variants.Tests
TokenCheckUnavailableTests, throughServerErrors.Handleagainstnotifications/unreadand the spend routestreak-freeze/buy:ANodeFailureIsUnavailableNotUnauthorized,ATimeoutIsUnavailable,ANonIterableAnswerIsUnavailable,AnAccountWithoutPostingKeysIsAGarbageAnswer,AFailedHivesignerReadWithNothingCachedIsUnavailableAFailedHivesignerRefreshKeepsTheStaleKeysAGarbageHivesignerAnswerIsUnavailableAndNotCachedAMismatchAgainstStaleKeysAfterAFailedRefreshIsUnavailable,AnAccountKeyThatIsNotAKeyIsAGarbageAnswer,AnUnusableHivesignerKeyListIsUnavailableAndNotCachedStaleHivesignerKeysPastTheGraceAreNotUsedAnAccountWhosePostingIsHeldByAccountsOnlyIsStillChecked,TheUnavailableLogNamesTheCauseButNotTheTokenAWrongSignatureIsStillUnauthorized,AnUnknownAccountIsStillUnauthorized,AMalformedCodeIsStillUnauthorizedAnRpcErrorForAWellFormedNameIsUnavailable,AnRpcErrorReadingHivesignerIsUnavailable,AHivesignerAnswerWithoutTheAccountIsUnavailableAndNotCached,AHivesignerAnswerWithoutTheAccountKeepsTheCachedKeysAMalformedNameIsUnauthorizedWithoutAChainReadALenientlyWellFormedNameIsReadMutation check: without the 503 mapping the six 503 tests fail (500); restored, all pass. Full suite: 680 passed, 0 failed (
dotnet test, SDK 10 container).The mobile app ships its own mitigation (it retries a refused renewed token once and does not prompt a key account whose key is still on chain); this change removes the cause.