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feat(oauth2): add jitter to access token lifetime on refresh_token grant - #172

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feat/refresh-token-lifetime-jitter
Oct 8, 2026
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feat/refresh-token-lifetime-jitter

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@smarcet smarcet commented Oct 8, 2026 •

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ref: https://app.clickup.com/t/86bcemtn3

Summary

Access tokens issued by the refresh_token grant now get lifetime - random_int(0, jitter) instead of a fixed lifetime, so a cohort of clients that refreshes in the same minute drifts apart after one cycle and the ~2h bursts on POST /oauth2/token stop re-forming (up to 565 req/min vs a median of 4, php-fpm queue 122, 268 nginx 499s on 2026-10-07).

  • New server config key OAuth2.AccessToken.RefreshJitter (seconds, default 720 via server.OAuth2_AccessToken_RefreshJitter; 0 disables).
  • TokenService::createAccessTokenFromRefreshToken draws the value once, so expires_in, the AccessTokenDB lifetime and the Redis TTL stay identical. The reduction is clamped so the issued lifetime is never above the configured lifetime nor below 300s (TokenService::MinRefreshedAccessTokenLifetime). The floor stays well above the 60s skew openstack-uicore-foundation subtracts from expires_in before refreshing, so summit-admin and event-site never end up refreshing on every request.
  • TokenService::getAccessToken reloads the token with the lifetime stored on the Redis hash instead of the configured OAuth2.AccessToken.Lifetime. Without this, /oauth2/token/introspection reported a remaining lifetime up to jitter seconds longer than the real one for refreshed tokens, and resource servers that cache the introspection result (summit-api, 3600s in prod) kept accepting the token after the IDP had expired it.
  • Authorization code, implicit, client credentials and passwordless/OTP issuance are untouched.
  • The value is editable on /admin/server-config next to the other OAuth2 lifetimes (required|integer|min:0).

Cost: refreshed tokens live on average jitter/2 less, about 5% more refreshes at the 7200s prod lifetime (about 11% at the 3600s code default). Tokens issued before deploy keep their old lifetime, so the first cycle after release is still synchronized.

Tests

tests/OAuth2ProtocolTest.php:

  • testRefreshTokenJitterBounds: jitter 720, 5 refreshes. Right after each refresh (the refresh token rotates, so the previous access token is no longer introspectable): expires_in in [2880, 3600], DB lifetime equals expires_in, Redis TTL within 5s of it, and introspection expires_in within 5s of it. After the loop: not all values equal, and the auth-code response stays at the unjittered 3600.
  • testRefreshTokenJitterZero: jitter 0 returns exactly the configured lifetime.
  • testRefreshTokenJitterClampedToMinLifetime: lifetime 340 with jitter 720 issues lifetimes within [300, 340]; lifetime 300 (the floor) is issued unchanged.

The DB/TTL checks run in a per-refresh callback rather than after all five refreshes, because the Redis TTL starts counting down as soon as the token is stored and the 5s bound was otherwise exceeded (ttl 3516 vs expected >= 3518 once the introspection call was in the loop).

Run: docker compose exec -T app ./vendor/bin/phpunit tests/OAuth2ProtocolTest.php (26 tests, 560 assertions pass).

Post-deploy check

In Loki (cluster prod-fn), compare count_over_time of POST /oauth2/token per minute in the next two burst windows against the 2026-10-07 peaks, and watch nginx 499s on /oauth2/token.

Summary by CodeRabbit

  • New Features
    • Added a server setting to control random reductions to access-token lifetimes for tokens issued through refresh. Set it to 0 to keep the configured lifetime unchanged.
  • Bug Fixes
    • Refresh-issued access tokens now receive a randomized lifetime reduction within the configured limit, while authorization-code tokens retain their configured lifetime.

Tokens issued by the refresh_token grant now get
lifetime - random_int(0, OAuth2.AccessToken.RefreshJitter), so clients that
refresh in the same minute spread out instead of hitting /oauth2/token in
synchronized bursts. The jittered value feeds expires_in, the access token DB
row and the Redis TTL. Other grants are unchanged.

The jitter defaults to 720s (server.OAuth2_AccessToken_RefreshJitter), is
clamped so the issued lifetime stays >= 60s and <= the configured lifetime,
and is editable from the admin server-config screen (0 disables).
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  • app/Services/OAuth2/TokenService.php
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📝 Walkthrough

Walkthrough

Refresh-token exchanges now issue access tokens with a configurable random lifetime reduction. The admin server-configuration form exposes the setting, and protocol tests cover jittered and zero-jitter lifetimes.

Changes

Refresh-token access-token lifetime jitter

Layer / File(s) Summary
Configure refresh jitter
app/Services/Utils/ServerConfigurationService.php, app/Http/Controllers/AdminController.php, resources/views/admin/server-config.blade.php, tests/StubServerConfigurationService.php
The server configuration adds a refresh-jitter setting with a default of 720 seconds. The admin form loads and saves nonnegative integer values. The test configuration stub reads the environment override.
Apply jitter to refreshed token lifetimes
app/Services/OAuth2/TokenService.php, tests/OAuth2ProtocolTest.php
Refresh-token exchanges reduce the configured access-token lifetime by a random amount, capped to preserve a minimum lifetime of 60 seconds when possible. Tests check the configured bounds, stored lifetime, Redis TTL, and behavior when jitter is zero.

Priority: ➖ Normal

Estimated code review effort: 3 (Moderate) | ~20 minutes

Change: Feature

Merge Risk: 🟡 Moderate · up to f63f1

Refreshed tokens are issued with shortened lifetimes, but when those tokens are loaded again they report the full configured lifetime. Token validation and introspection can therefore show the wrong remaining validity. Fix this before merging.

🚥 Pre-merge checks | ✅ 4 | ❌ 1

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Description Check ✅ Passed Check skipped - CodeRabbit’s high-level summary is enabled.
Title check ✅ Passed The title clearly and concisely describes the main change: adding configurable jitter to access-token lifetimes for the OAuth2 refresh-token grant.
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📘 OpenAPI / Swagger preview

➡️ https://OpenStackweb.github.io/openstackid/openapi/pr-172/

This page is automatically updated on each push to this PR.

@smarcet smarcet self-assigned this Oct 8, 2026
@smarcet
smarcet requested a balanced review from Copilot October 8, 2026 14:05

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Actionable comments posted: 2


  • 🪄 Fix CodeRabbit comments on this PR
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Inline comments:
Review comments at @app/Services/OAuth2/TokenService.php:
- Line 612: Update TokenService::getAccessToken to preserve the refreshed
access-token lifetime from the payload before overwriting payload['lifetime']
for AuthorizationCode::load, then use the preserved value when loading the
access token. Add coverage verifying that a jitter-shortened refreshed token
retains its stored lifetime when retrieved through getAccessToken.

Review comments at @tests/OAuth2ProtocolTest.php:
- Line 794: Update the TTL assertion in the refresh-request test to account for
time elapsed since Redis received the token’s TTL: measure elapsed time and
adjust the expected lower bound, or assert each TTL immediately after its
refresh. Preserve the check that Redis received the correct expiration.

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📥 Commits

Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between 164d596 and f63f142.

📒 Files selected for processing (6)
  • app/Http/Controllers/AdminController.php
  • app/Services/OAuth2/TokenService.php
  • app/Services/Utils/ServerConfigurationService.php
  • resources/views/admin/server-config.blade.php
  • tests/OAuth2ProtocolTest.php
  • tests/StubServerConfigurationService.php

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Comment thread app/Services/OAuth2/TokenService.php
Comment thread tests/OAuth2ProtocolTest.php
The redis ttl starts counting down as soon as the access token is stored, so
reading it only after all five refreshes made the 5s lower bound depend on
how long the remaining refreshes took. Run the DB lifetime and ttl checks in a
per-refresh callback instead.
TokenService::getAccessToken rebuilt the token with the configured
OAuth2.AccessToken.Lifetime instead of the lifetime it was issued with, which
is already present on the redis hash and on DB. Access tokens issued by the
refresh_token grant now carry a jittered lifetime, so introspection reported a
remaining lifetime up to the jitter longer than the real one and resource
servers that cache the introspection result (summit-api) kept accepting the
token after the IDP had expired it.

Use the stored lifetime when reloading the token and assert on the test that
introspection expires_in matches the refresh response.
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📘 OpenAPI / Swagger preview

➡️ https://OpenStackweb.github.io/openstackid/openapi/pr-172/

This page is automatically updated on each push to this PR.

@romanetar
romanetar self-requested a review October 8, 2026 14:48

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LGTM

With a configured lifetime 40s above MinRefreshedAccessTokenLifetime and a
720s jitter the issued lifetime stays within [60, lifetime]; with the lifetime
at the floor the jitter is disabled and the lifetime is issued unchanged.
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📘 OpenAPI / Swagger preview

➡️ https://OpenStackweb.github.io/openstackid/openapi/pr-172/

This page is automatically updated on each push to this PR.

openstack-uicore-foundation subtracts a 60s skew from expires_in before
deciding to refresh, so a jittered lifetime at the previous 60s floor would
have made summit-admin and event-site refresh on every API call. Keep the
floor well above that skew; the clamp test follows the constant.
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📘 OpenAPI / Swagger preview

➡️ https://OpenStackweb.github.io/openstackid/openapi/pr-172/

This page is automatically updated on each push to this PR.

@smarcet
smarcet merged commit dd03ce4 into main Oct 8, 2026
7 of 8 checks passed
smarcet added a commit that referenced this pull request Oct 8, 2026
…ant (#172)

* feat(oauth2): add jitter to access token lifetime on refresh_token grant

Tokens issued by the refresh_token grant now get
lifetime - random_int(0, OAuth2.AccessToken.RefreshJitter), so clients that
refresh in the same minute spread out instead of hitting /oauth2/token in
synchronized bursts. The jittered value feeds expires_in, the access token DB
row and the Redis TTL. Other grants are unchanged.

The jitter defaults to 720s (server.OAuth2_AccessToken_RefreshJitter), is
clamped so the issued lifetime stays >= 60s and <= the configured lifetime,
and is editable from the admin server-config screen (0 disables).

* test(oauth2): assert refreshed token ttl right after each refresh

The redis ttl starts counting down as soon as the access token is stored, so
reading it only after all five refreshes made the 5s lower bound depend on
how long the remaining refreshes took. Run the DB lifetime and ttl checks in a
per-refresh callback instead.

* fix(oauth2): load access tokens with their stored lifetime

TokenService::getAccessToken rebuilt the token with the configured
OAuth2.AccessToken.Lifetime instead of the lifetime it was issued with, which
is already present on the redis hash and on DB. Access tokens issued by the
refresh_token grant now carry a jittered lifetime, so introspection reported a
remaining lifetime up to the jitter longer than the real one and resource
servers that cache the introspection result (summit-api) kept accepting the
token after the IDP had expired it.

Use the stored lifetime when reloading the token and assert on the test that
introspection expires_in matches the refresh response.

* test(oauth2): cover the refresh jitter clamp at the 60s floor

With a configured lifetime 40s above MinRefreshedAccessTokenLifetime and a
720s jitter the issued lifetime stays within [60, lifetime]; with the lifetime
at the floor the jitter is disabled and the lifetime is issued unchanged.

* fix(oauth2): raise the refreshed access token lifetime floor to 300s

openstack-uicore-foundation subtracts a 60s skew from expires_in before
deciding to refresh, so a jittered lifetime at the previous 60s floor would
have made summit-admin and event-site refresh on every API call. Keep the
floor well above that skew; the clamp test follows the constant.
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3 participants