diff --git a/schema/list-references-output.json b/schema/list-references-output.json
index a0d166b2..6e7c71dc 100644
--- a/schema/list-references-output.json
+++ b/schema/list-references-output.json
@@ -43,7 +43,10 @@
           "minimum": 0,
           "description": "Counted in bytes from 0. null when line is null."
         },
-        "constant_name": { "type": "string" },
+        "constant_name": {
+          "type": "string",
+          "description": "Fully qualified, as `::Foo::Bar`, though the source may write it relatively, as `Bar` inside `module Foo`. A reference that pks infers from an association, as `has_many :tacos` gives `::Taco`, is at the start of the call, where no constant is written. A `class_name:` option names the constant in a string."
+        },
         "referencing_pack_name": { "type": "string" },
         "defining_pack_name": { "type": "string" },
         "violations": {
diff --git a/src/packs/reference_lister.rs b/src/packs/reference_lister.rs
index 1c9726c0..0e5f0c53 100644
--- a/src/packs/reference_lister.rs
+++ b/src/packs/reference_lister.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ use rayon::prelude::{ParallelIterator, ParallelSlice};
 use serde::Serialize;
 
 use super::{
-    checker::get_checkers,
+    checker::{get_checkers, reference::Reference, CheckerInterface},
     checker_configuration::CheckerType,
     reference_extractor::{between_packs, get_all_references, identity},
     Configuration,
@@ -63,31 +63,11 @@ pub(crate) fn list(
         between_packs(&all_references, &defining_packs, &referencing_packs);
 
     let checkers = get_checkers(configuration);
-    let recorded_violations = &configuration.pack_set.all_violations;
     let references = references
-        // A constant that a pack defines in several files yields a copy of the
-        // reference for each file, and their violations can differ, as when
-        // only one of the files is public. Like `check`, list each violation
-        // that any copy makes.
+        // With the experimental parser, a constant that a pack defines in
+        // several files yields a copy of the reference for each file
         .par_chunk_by(|a, b| identity(a) == identity(b))
         .map(|copies| {
-            let mut violations = Vec::new();
-            for checker in &checkers {
-                for reference in copies {
-                    if let Some(violation) =
-                        checker.check(reference, configuration)?
-                    {
-                        violations.push(JsonViolation {
-                            strict: violation.strict,
-                            recorded: recorded_violations
-                                .contains(&violation.identifier),
-                            violation_type: violation.identifier.violation_type,
-                        });
-                        break; // One of each type, as `check` lists them
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
             let reference = copies[0];
             // pks keeps no source positions in ERB, and reports line 0 there
             let location = (reference.source_location.line > 0)
@@ -101,8 +81,8 @@ pub(crate) fn list(
                 defining_pack_name: reference
                     .defining_pack_name
                     .as_deref()
-                    .expect("references that no pack defines are filtered out"),
-                violations,
+                    .expect("between_packs drops constants no pack defines"),
+                violations: violations_of(copies, &checkers, configuration)?,
             })
         })
         .collect::<anyhow::Result<Vec<_>>>()?;
@@ -113,6 +93,32 @@ pub(crate) fn list(
     Ok(())
 }
 
+/// The violations that any copy of a reference makes, one of each type, as
+/// `check` lists them. The copies' violations can differ, as when only one of
+/// the files that define the constant is public.
+fn violations_of(
+    copies: &[&Reference],
+    checkers: &[Box<dyn CheckerInterface + Send + Sync>],
+    configuration: &Configuration,
+) -> anyhow::Result<Vec<JsonViolation>> {
+    let recorded_violations = &configuration.pack_set.all_violations;
+    let mut violations = Vec::new();
+    for checker in checkers {
+        for reference in copies {
+            if let Some(violation) = checker.check(reference, configuration)? {
+                violations.push(JsonViolation {
+                    strict: violation.strict,
+                    recorded: recorded_violations
+                        .contains(&violation.identifier),
+                    violation_type: violation.identifier.violation_type,
+                });
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(violations)
+}
+
 /// The packs given on the command line, which must exist.
 fn pack_names<'a>(
     configuration: &'a Configuration,
diff --git a/tests/list_references_test.rs b/tests/list_references_test.rs
index 3b33403b..0bee463b 100644
--- a/tests/list_references_test.rs
+++ b/tests/list_references_test.rs
@@ -492,6 +492,40 @@ fn test_list_references_at_the_start_of_a_file() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
     Ok(())
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn test_list_references_from_associations() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
+    let fixture = common::Fixture::new("app_with_rails_relationships");
+    // carrier.rb doesn't write `Census` or `Taco`, only `has_many :censuses`
+    // and `has_many :tacos`, so each reference is at the start of its call.
+    // notification.rb's polymorphic `belongs_to :event` infers none.
+    let reference = |line: u64, constant_name: &str| {
+        json!({
+            "file": "packs/bar/app/models/carrier.rb",
+            "line": line,
+            "column": 2,
+            "constant_name": constant_name,
+            "referencing_pack_name": "packs/bar",
+            "defining_pack_name": "packs/baz",
+            "violations": [
+                {
+                    "violation_type": "privacy",
+                    "strict": false,
+                    "recorded": false
+                }
+            ]
+        })
+    };
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        list_references(&fixture, &["list-references"]),
+        json!({
+            "references": [reference(2, "::Census"), reference(3, "::Taco")]
+        })
+    );
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn test_list_references_lists_files_in_order() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
     let fixture = common::Fixture::new("simple_app");