diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index eab78c1..a5ed1c4 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -26,6 +26,9 @@ se-trace visualize examples/legal-summarization.cots.json -o ./out
 
 # Quick conformance check
 se-trace validate examples/legal-summarization.cots.json
+
+# Surface the Layer 2 (Runtime Validation) record of a COTS (RFC-0001)
+se-trace validate-runtime examples/legal-summarization.cots.json
 ```
 
 ## What is in this repository
@@ -33,7 +36,7 @@ se-trace validate examples/legal-summarization.cots.json
 - `src/inspect.ts` - the inspect command. Prints a human-readable summary of a COTS.
 - `src/cite.ts` - the cite command. Prints the evidence chain for a specific decision.
 - `src/visualize.ts` - the visualize command. Renders a COTS as a Mermaid diagram + HTML page.
-- `src/cli/se-trace.ts` - the CLI entry point.
+- `src/cli/se-trace.ts` - the CLI entry point, including `validate-runtime` (Layer 2 ValidationFlags surfacing, RFC-0001).
 - `tests/tools.test.ts` - the test suite.
 
 ## SDKs
diff --git a/src/cli/se-trace.ts b/src/cli/se-trace.ts
index 8e78ead..722b2ad 100644
--- a/src/cli/se-trace.ts
+++ b/src/cli/se-trace.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 /**
  * The se-trace CLI. Three subcommands:
  *   - validate <file>            Run the conformance suite against a COTS.
+ *   - validate-runtime <file>    Surface the Layer 2 ValidationFlags of a COTS.
  *   - inspect <file>             Print a human-readable summary of a COTS.
  *   - cite <file> <decision-id>  Print the evidence chain for a specific decision.
  *   - visualize <file>           Render a COTS as a Reasoning Roadmap (Mermaid + HTML).
@@ -68,6 +69,40 @@ program
     }
   });
 
+program
+  .command("validate-runtime")
+  .description("Surface the Layer 2 (Runtime Validation) record of a COTS (RFC-0001, COTS schema v1.1.0)")
+  .argument("<path>", "Path to a COTS JSON file")
+  .action((path: string) => {
+    const cots = loadCots(path);
+    let withRecord = 0;
+    let flagged = 0;
+    for (const decision of cots.decisions) {
+      const v = decision.validation;
+      if (v === undefined) {
+        console.log(`${decision.id}\n  No Layer 2 Validation record (the producer has not floored Layer 2).`);
+        continue;
+      }
+      withRecord++;
+      console.log(`${decision.id}`);
+      console.log(`  decision_on_validation: ${v.decision_on_validation}`);
+      console.log(`  validated_at: ${v.validated_at}  by: ${v.validated_by}`);
+      if (v.flags.length === 0) {
+        console.log("  flags: none");
+      } else {
+        if (v.decision_on_validation !== "passed") flagged++;
+        for (const flag of v.flags) {
+          console.log(`  [${flag.flag_type}] ${flag.message} (detected ${flag.detected_at})`);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    console.log(`\nDecisions with a Validation record: ${withRecord}/${cots.decisions.length}`);
+    if (flagged > 0) {
+      console.log(`Flagged decisions: ${flagged} (flags are warnings, not rejections; Layer 3 decides)`);
+      process.exit(2);
+    }
+  });
+
 program
   .command("inspect")
   .description("Print a human-readable summary of a COTS")
diff --git a/src/cots.ts b/src/cots.ts
index ffdc4df..f07aa1e 100644
--- a/src/cots.ts
+++ b/src/cots.ts
@@ -47,6 +47,27 @@ export interface Constraint {
   value: string;
 }
 
+export type FlagType =
+  | "drift-detected"
+  | "segment-signal-divergence"
+  | "parameter-set-out-of-range"
+  | "temporal-validity-expired";
+
+export type DecisionOnValidation = "passed" | "flagged" | "escalated";
+
+export interface ValidationFlag {
+  flag_type: FlagType;
+  message: string;
+  detected_at: ISO8601;
+}
+
+export interface Layer2Validation {
+  flags: ValidationFlag[];
+  decision_on_validation: DecisionOnValidation;
+  validated_at: ISO8601;
+  validated_by: string;
+}
+
 export interface DecisionRecord {
   id: URI;
   decision_text: string;
@@ -56,6 +77,8 @@ export interface DecisionRecord {
   responsible_authority: { authority_id: string; authority_type: string };
   audit_history: AuditEntry[];
   created_at: ISO8601;
+  /** Layer 2 Validation record (COTS schema v1.1.0, RFC-0001). Optional. */
+  validation?: Layer2Validation;
 }
 
 export interface AuditEntry {
diff --git a/tests/tools.test.ts b/tests/tools.test.ts
index 852a7b3..6dd43f0 100644
--- a/tests/tools.test.ts
+++ b/tests/tools.test.ts
@@ -64,3 +64,45 @@ describe("visualize", () => {
     expect(html).toContain("Reasoning Roadmap");
   });
 });
+
+describe("validate-runtime", () => {
+  it("reports a Layer 2 Validation record when present", async () => {
+    const cots = loadFixture("legal-summarization.cots.json");
+    cots.decisions[0].validation = {
+      flags: [
+        {
+          flag_type: "drift-detected",
+          message: "Calibration drift detected on segment 'contract-law' (0.14 divergence, threshold 0.10).",
+          detected_at: "2026-10-11T12:00:00Z",
+        },
+      ],
+      decision_on_validation: "flagged",
+      validated_at: "2026-10-11T12:00:00Z",
+      validated_by: "layer2-runtime-validation",
+    };
+    const { execFileSync } = await import("node:child_process");
+    const tmp = resolve(__dirname, "..", "examples", "tmp-validate-runtime.cots.json");
+    const { writeFileSync, rmSync } = await import("node:fs");
+    writeFileSync(tmp, JSON.stringify(cots));
+    try {
+      try {
+        execFileSync("node", [resolve(__dirname, "..", "dist", "cli", "se-trace.js"), "validate-runtime", tmp], { encoding: "utf-8" });
+        throw new Error("expected exit code 2 for a flagged decision");
+      } catch (e) {
+        const err = e as { stdout?: string; status?: number };
+        expect(err.status).toBe(2);
+        const out = err.stdout ?? "";
+        expect(out).toContain("decision_on_validation: flagged");
+        expect(out).toContain("[drift-detected]");
+        expect(out).toContain("Flagged decisions: 1");
+      }
+    } finally {
+      rmSync(tmp, { force: true });
+    }
+  });
+
+  it("reports the absence of a Validation record without failing", () => {
+    const cots = loadFixture("legal-summarization.cots.json");
+    expect(cots.decisions[0].validation).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+});